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I recently got a new MacBook Pro (early 2011). I thought I’d run some benchmarks before installing anything. I don’t intend to interpret these. I just thought I’d share for anybody interested.

First, on the fresh out of the box system with a 2.3 GHz Core i7 and 4GB of RAM, I ran XBench, GeekBench, and CineBench…

XBench
Results 220.12
System Info
Xbench Version 1.3
System Version 10.6.7 (10J4139)
Physical RAM 4096 MB
Model MacBookPro8,2
Drive Type Hitachi HTS725050A9A362
CPU Test 261.57
GCD Loop 341.71 18.01 Mops/sec
Floating Point Basic 229.92 5.46 Gflop/sec
vecLib FFT 169.09 5.58 Gflop/sec
Floating Point Library 475.59 82.82 Mops/sec
Thread Test 920.02
Computation 903.49 18.30 Mops/sec, 4 threads
Lock Contention 937.18 40.32 Mlocks/sec, 4 threads
Memory Test 551.49
System 619.86
Allocate 895.80 3.29 Malloc/sec
Fill 433.99 21101.54 MB/sec
Copy 704.59 14553.02 MB/sec
Stream 496.71
Copy 490.13 10123.53 MB/sec
Scale 487.99 10081.70 MB/sec
Add 511.20 10889.58 MB/sec
Triad 498.18 10657.28 MB/sec
Quartz Graphics Test 332.25
Line 297.62 19.81 Klines/sec [50% alpha]
Rectangle 369.62 110.35 Krects/sec [50% alpha]
Circle 310.84 25.34 Kcircles/sec [50% alpha]
Bezier 326.49 8.23 Kbeziers/sec [50% alpha]
Text 369.87 23.14 Kchars/sec
OpenGL Graphics Test 398.06
Spinning Squares 398.06 504.96 frames/sec
User Interface Test 502.78
Elements 502.78 2.31 Krefresh/sec
Disk Test 56.93
Sequential 140.65
Uncached Write 185.57 113.94 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 178.63 101.07 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 79.10 23.15 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 207.90 104.49 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 35.68
Uncached Write 11.88 1.26 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 109.74 35.13 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 82.57 0.59 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 149.59 27.76 MB/sec [256K blocks]

GeekBench
Score: 10393

CineBench
36.39 fps OpenGL
5.53 pts cpu score

I subsequently added an OCZ Vertex3 SSD and upgraded to 8GB of Crucial RAM. Here are some Benchmarks now…

Results 459.10
System Info
Xbench Version 1.3
System Version 10.6.8 (10K540)
Physical RAM 8192 MB
Model MacBookPro8,2
Drive Type OCZ-VERTEX3
CPU Test 264.46
GCD Loop 341.49 18.00 Mops/sec
Floating Point Basic 232.04 5.51 Gflop/sec
vecLib FFT 172.43 5.69 Gflop/sec
Floating Point Library 478.96 83.40 Mops/sec
Thread Test 932.24
Computation 903.08 18.29 Mops/sec, 4 threads
Lock Contention 963.35 41.44 Mlocks/sec, 4 threads
Memory Test 595.05
System 631.53
Allocate 985.13 3.62 Malloc/sec
Fill 432.65 21036.31 MB/sec
Copy 702.30 14505.77 MB/sec
Stream 562.54
Copy 547.82 11314.93 MB/sec
Scale 541.79 11193.21 MB/sec
Add 590.61 12581.34 MB/sec
Triad 572.66 12250.61 MB/sec
Quartz Graphics Test 333.14
Line 298.82 19.89 Klines/sec [50% alpha]
Rectangle 374.00 111.66 Krects/sec [50% alpha]
Circle 313.60 25.56 Kcircles/sec [50% alpha]
Bezier 321.93 8.12 Kbeziers/sec [50% alpha]
Text 371.28 23.23 Kchars/sec
OpenGL Graphics Test 402.81
Spinning Squares 402.81 510.98 frames/sec
User Interface Test 518.59
Elements 518.59 2.38 Krefresh/sec
Disk Test 408.20
Sequential 240.07
Uncached Write 361.65 222.05 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 329.42 186.39 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 108.68 31.81 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 602.47 302.79 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Random 1362.20
Uncached Write 2178.01 230.57 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Write 673.50 215.61 MB/sec [256K blocks]
Uncached Read 2816.93 19.96 MB/sec [4K blocks]
Uncached Read 1568.56 291.06 MB/sec [256K blocks]

Due to the age of XBench, I doubt that it is able to take advantage of the RAM. The most compelling results are the disk performance.

I’ve ranted to many people about this now so I thought it was time to put it in writing. Obviously I have more views and this “four-part” plan will not in itself solve all of our problems. But I believe it addresses some big issues in our country. Some of these ideas will make a big impact, but part of the intent is also to define what we stand for. The things that we are currently spending our tax dollars on are just putting us farther and farther behind the rest of the world.

Here is it:

1. Raise taxes – Yes, that’s right. We need to raise taxes on everybody. If we are to solve our deficit problems we need to start paying for what we are getting. Sure we can cut services, but we are in deep at this point and we are going to have to pay more to afford the extravagant expenditures of the past 30 years. Realistically, our taxes are the lowest they have been in a long, long time so we need to grow up and pay for what we are getting. Also we need to simplify the tax code and remove loopholes. I’m fine with giving deductions for things that society finds valuable, but we need to make sure the code isn’t so complex that individuals or corporations aren’t paying their fair share.
2. Cut military expenditures – This is a surprisingly unpopular idea, but what choice do we ultimately have? Defense is important but a lot of things are important and we just don’t have the money to keep the military as large as it currently is. Military power is not a sustainable strategy to ensure our ability to succeed and maintain a high quality of life. Right now we spend about half of our discretionary budget on the military, but why? We are in two wars (no matter how many times you say “mission accomplished” it doesn’t make it true) that are really going nowhere. Our allies are not paying their fair share for their defense. We just can’t afford to have a military that is several times larger than the closest second. The problem is that too many people have a stake in military spending. Politicians won’t man up and cut the military because such a huge portion of our country is profiting on it, but if we can’t afford it some people are going to need to find a new job. Finally, our reliance on military spending to solve our problems reflects our national priorities. Instead of paying for education or infrastructure, we are maintaining a nuclear arsenal large enough to destroy the earth many times over.
3. Eliminate farm subsidies – This is another group of people who politicians are reluctant to anger, but the truth is that these subsidies are increasingly not going to little-guy farmers and our national food supply is unlikely to be threatened such that the subsidy is going to benefit us. That said, if we wanted to keep some smaller version of a farm subsidy if anybody can demonstrate that we will benefit from certain types of crops, then I’d be open to that discussion. As it is, the farm subsidy is doing a lot of harm to our country and the world. We are artificially lowering our cost of production, causing unfair competition to other countries. We are producing such high levels of corn that we are flooding the Gulf of Mexico with fertilizer, leading to an inability to sustain life down there. I’ve also heard that our agriculture here in Iowa is likely to contribute to our recent flooding problems. Finally, the artificially low price of corn is lowering the price of other things which are bad for our country: high-fructose corn syrup and ethanol, which is not currently a superior solution to oil but is embraced by the midwest because of all the money involved.
4. Legalize marijuana – I don’t smoke nor do I have any particular interest in marijuana. But we currently spend a huge amount of money prosecuting and incarcerating non-violent marijuana offenders. This hurts them and their families and doesn’t make the country safer, all while wasting our tax dollars. A principle that I believe in is that generally people shouldn’t be in jail if they don’t present a danger to others. Having a bunch of happy and hungry people running around is not a fear of mine and it actually might help our economy if anything. And I don’t buy the argument, “but we don’t want people driving while high!” That’s irrelevant. We can still have laws against that. Afterall, alcohol is legal but we can’t drink and drive (though don’t get me started on the un-justness and un-scientificness of our DUI laws). If we could stop spending half of our police funds on hassling people who do no harm then we could actually have a safer country, while spending less money.

This could also be called “four-part plan to not get re-elected” because of how unpopular these policies would be. But we have big problems and we need a few politicians to do what is right for the long term viability of our country.

I’ve been a vocal critic of coffee shop WiFi problems for many years so I thought I’d add a little commentary on some things to look for when working on setting up a hot spot at any business. I speak from experience as I’ve done network maintenance and setup tasks at businesses and this includes one coffee shop. This will all be obvious to most of my friends, but I’m hoping to influence the coffee shop owners of the world, so that’s what this is targeted towards.

A problem I’ve found many times is that shop owners go to Best Buy (full disclosure: I was a Service Technician there) and take whatever router/access point happens to be on the shelf. Many years ago this used to be an acceptable solution so long as a Linksys WRT-54G was on the shelf. Unfortunately a few years ago, with version 5.0, Linksys made some changes that significantly neutered a great product. These changes made it difficult to install aftermarket firmware and made it unsuitable for high-traffic scenarios, like coffee shops. They did release a WRT-54GL which was the Linux version and was essentially the same as the WRT-54G version 4 router. I always felt like these moves were pretty shady since they didn’t change the packaging at all so the box and router for versions 4 and 5 looked the same except for the number on the back. For this reason, I personally have switched to Buffalo and have been having great luck but there are other acceptable options, so long as you can install aftermarket firmware, as I’ll get to in a moment.

Off-the-shelf consumer routers just aren’t made to handle the demands of several users simultaneously using such a variety of possible apps. One user does not necessarily mean one “connection.” One user could be streaming audio, downloading torrents, chatting on AIM, and checking email all at the same time. Any one of these activities might require multiple connections, meaning that one user is using multiple connections. Unfortunately, consumer routers that you might find at Best Buy have poor support for scenarios that require hundreds of active connections. This results in dropped connections at worst and terrible performance at best. To avoid this, you should buy a solid router in the first place. I’d currently recommend a Linksys WRT-54GL or I like the looks the Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH, though I haven’t tried it. Notice that the Buffalo is only $80 on Newegg so it’s hard to imagine a good justification for going cheaper at the expense of having customers complaining. Whatever you get should support Tomato or DD-WRT firmware. I typically prefer Tomato but DD-WRT is a solid option as well and they are both free. Upgrading the firmware is one of the ways you can mitigate the issues I mentioned above. After installing the firmware, you should (at minimum) do the following:

• Change the administrator password. I normally also disable administrator access over WiFi. It’s not too common, but I’ve been to several places where I can log in to the router administration panel. It’s trivial for a user to Google a given router model and find the default admin password. That’s not good, so change it!
• Ensure that the number of simultaneous port connections is sufficient. It should be in the thousands and typically the defaults in the aftermarket firmware are sufficient.
• Shorten the DHCP lease. Another problem I see at coffee shops is that the router is configured to assign, say, 100 IP addresses to clients, with a DHCP lease period of, say, 24 hours. This means that you will only be able to have 100 unique users in a 24 hour period. I normally set the DHCP lease to something much shorter (maybe an hour) and make sure I can give out a couple hundred addresses.

The last two bullets address issues that we’ve all seen. If a customer complains and the barista unplugs the router to fix it, the problem usually involves one of those two things. There are many other little tweaks that you can (and maybe should) do but these are the ones that are absolutely necessary in an environment with multiple users and high turnover.

I have a problem with is this idea that cops are all heros. Some do certainly exhibit positive qualities, but I’ve personally encountered many cops who exist solely to boost their own self image. Some of them are mediocre and some are really bad. Many are downright dishonorable. I’ve blogged before about Officer Melchi of the Clark County Sheriff’s department. I wouldn’t call him a bad cop, but I would probably call him mediocre. (Edit: bad enough to not be police material) He didn’t know better when he wrote me the ticket. He had no idea what the speed limit on the road was and his comments at the scene and in court confirm that. That’s not the worst offense in the world but it’s also not exceptionalism. The problem I have with him is not so much his mediocrity, but the fact that he was so willing to go along with the prosecution’s faulty assertion that I sped up early when that was not at all what I was accused of at the scene and it simply wasn’t true or possible in the given scenario. That was arrogance and it brought dishonor to his fellow officers.

Now as much as I would like to live in a world where the police are truly out there to protect me, I don’t. The police are part of a broken system that tends to be motivated by profit and ego. Sure, the courts are part of it too. The court that found me guilty had a financial incentive (court costs) to do so and if that isn’t an actual conflict of interest it certainly presents the appearance of one. Individual police officers may wake up every morning and ask themselves what they can do to better keep the citizens safe. I sure like to think there are some out there who do just that. Unfortunately those aren’t the cops that I get the pleasure of interacting with. I usually run across the arrogant, unknowledgeable jerks. This type of public opinion does little to benefit real investigations by good cops. I’m not a crazy and I’m not gun wielding, but it’s easy to imagine a mentally unbalanced redneck having this type of interactions with cops all of his life. Well, what’s going to happen when he snaps? I don’t know what motivates a given wacko, but in general I’d say that all of these bad cops over the years have the blood of fallen officers on their hands.

I suggest we pay our cops well, provide them with the proper equipment, and demand exceptionalism from every one of them. Arrogance simply can’t be tolerated at any level, because lives are at stake.

I’ve been using Time Machine for my backups for quite some time but recently I decided that I hadn’t been backing up often enough. To correct this, I decided that I wanted to bring my Time Machine volume into the lab so I could plug into it whenever I’m at work. This would seem to be a great solution except for one fatal flaw: Time Machine doesn’t allow for encrypted backups. Yes, anybody who comes along can simply plug in to your drive and access your files, without so much as a password. I’ve known this all along but it doesn’t seem to be common knowledge among people I’ve talked to. Even if you can physically secure your drive to your desk, if you have convenient access to the ports then so do evildoers.

My first plan was to figure out some way of tricking Time Machine into backing up to a TrueCrypt volume. I’ve used TrueCrypt before, had good experiences, and I’m pretty confident in its abilities to keep my data secure. This turned out to be a surprisingly difficult goal. First of all, normally a mounted TrueCrypt drive does not show up in the list of available drives for backup. It is possible to use “defaults write com.apple.systempreferences TMShowUnsupportedNetworkVolumes 1″ to get it to show up in the list. However, I still couldn’t get it to accept that choice when I clicked it. Then I tried creating different types of disk images and putting them inside an encrypted volume. Even with the first trick, I was unable to make these volumes show up when they were in a mounted TrueCrypt volume. I really have no idea why these attempts didn’t work or why Apple would make this so difficult. (and actually, why isn’t encryption default)

I eventually decided to try a third-party backup program. After looking at Super Duper and Carbon Copy Cloner, I settled on the latter. Carbon Copy Cloner supports archiving past versions of files, allowing it to be used in a manner very similar to Time Machine. So far this solution has been working great for me and it’s relatively hassle-free. I just plug my drive into the MacBook Pro and then open TrueCrypt. In TrueCrypt, I opted to allow it to save the history so that the previously mounted drive is still listed. This way I can quickly click “Mount” and enter my password. I set up a scheduled task in Carbon Copy Cloner that runs “When target is reconnected,” so it will automatically begin backing up as soon as the volume is mounted.

EDIT: I forgot to mention that I also needed to uncheck the checkbox to use “The volume’s Universally Unique Identifier (UUID)” when identifying the source and target volumes. It seems that the target device doesn’t get the same UUID each time it’s mounted. I don’t know much about UUIDs but this seems to make it work.

So far this solution has been convenient for me. For the past couple weeks I’ve actually been backing up almost every day.

TrueCrypt
Carbon Copy Cloner

I’ve had a couple of conversations lately about traffic enforcement and I’ve come to some realizations. My views on these issues are constantly being refined. This is not directly relevant to the conversations but a good example for the purposes of discussion is the time I was pulled over last month. I haven’t blogged about it but perhaps I should have. Allow me to recount the events and then give a little commentary on what is wrong with this and why there are big picture implications.

I was turning out of a side road onto a more major (though very sparsely driven) divided road. A highway patrolman was coming along and I pulled out with an extremely large and safe amount of distance in front of him. For some reason that I haven’t determined, he whipped around behind me. He pulled me over and told me that my window tint was illegal and my license plate cover made it hard for him to read my rear plate. He said he wasn’t going to ask me to do anything about my tint since it is legal in the state in which my car is registered (Arizona) and he said he wasn’t going to write me a ticket but he was suggesting that I remove the plate cover. Now I have a few thoughts on this sequence of events. First, I wonder why he flipped around in the first place since my windows aren’t all that dark and he surely couldn’t have seen my rear plate when I turned across his path. Second, I’m not entirely sure he would have a case on the window tint considering that it’s legal where the car is registered and it’s hard to imagine Iowa having a law that just like that would basically prohibit visitors from Arizona (since we all have tint). As for the license plate cover, sure it’s illegal but it’s not coming off until big brother takes down his ticket cameras.

Now allow me to rant a bit about tint. We supposedly live in this free country yet a person can’t say to himself “you know, I don’t really like the heat from the sun and I don’t like it getting in my eyes so maybe I’ll darken the windows up a bit.” In Iowa the law apparently allows for absolutely no aftermarket tint on the front two windows. Where’s the freedom there? Some people might say that the law exists for the safety of cops. I say that’s bullcrap. First, anything over 50% tint is barely noticeable. Mine is 35% and you can see through my car with no problem. If I do it again, I’ll probably get the same but I’d be tempted to go to 20%. Second, if the police lock everybody up in prison cells, I’m sure the streets would be safer but that’s just how the tradeoff between freedom and safety goes. How the heck is allowing absolutely no tint a tradeoff of any sort? I probably wouldn’t be complaining if the law was more rational like perhaps 35% or 20%. I can understand that we need to keep cops safe and it’s dangerous for people to have windows so dark that they can’t see through them to drive. But no tint at all? That’s what the legislature came up with in our “free” state within our “free” country? Never mind that factory tint is somehow legal. I can buy a car with dark tint but I can’t put it on myself. Where’s the freedom if I can’t even make such basic decisions about my property? Third, by pulling me over for essentially doing nothing, the officer is exponentially raising his risks anyway.

Now let me contemplate why I was even being pulled over in the first place. The only thing I can think is that the officer saw my lack of a front license plate (AZ doesn’t have one) and flipped around after me only to discover that I was legal but he didn’t want his effort to be wasted so he found other things wrong. Otherwise he would have to be quite a tint-nazi to waste his time on tint, particularly since he may not have even been on the correct side of the law given my out-of-state registration.

Now here’s the real rant. I’ve often said that you can’t drive the number of miles I drive without being pulled over every couple years. That’s about how often I get pulled over and it’s been a long time since I heard a good reason. But then I got to thinking a bit deeper. My mom hasn’t been pulled over since the 70s if I recall correctly. She doesn’t drive as much as I do but surely she has racked up enough miles to get pulled over a few times. Heck, she even drives vehicles with illegal tint sometimes. This isn’t that shocking, but the bottom line is that this is profiling. A lady made a comment like this to me at a coffee shop last year and it was kind of a new way of thinking about these things. She said something along the lines of “I’m glad I’m not in your shoes because I know how cops target young kids.” Before that, I had never really realized that cops don’t harass everybody. A cop will gladly waste his time with a college kid because there is a statistically good chance that the person is drunk, has drugs, etc… If a cop sees my mom driving with illegal tint he’s not going to think twice because he knows that his chances of getting a real reward are low. In fact, he probably doesn’t even notice the illegal tint until he needs a reason to pull the person over. It’s all about the reward system. Cops aren’t rewarded for illegal tint citations but the system definitely rewards them for a DUI. And if there is no DUI but the person isn’t friendly then the cop can still go ahead and give that tint citation just to assert his authority and raise some funds. The problem is that these are basically illegal stops, yet cops do it every single day. I can only assume that it’s way worse for minorities. What really angers me is when it’s the same people who say “well if you did the crime then you deserve to get pulled over” that are also against profiling.

I want my freedoms. I want to be able to wake up in the morning, get in the car, and make it to my destination without being harassed by police if there aren’t any major foul-ups along the way. A lot of these stupid laws are on the books not because of a real danger but because cops want more reasons to stop people. We need to repeal all of these laws as part of a major reform of the system.

I’ve been a AAA member since 1997 and I’ve generally gotten a good deal out of it because every so often I do need to make use of their services. However over the past few years, I’ve become enraged at the stupid policy positions they are taking and I’m tired of my money going into lousy public policy. In the past it has often been DUI-related and they have had several articles that regurgitate the same faulty statistics that everybody else does. With AAA it’s different though. As an insurance company, they benefit financially when motorists get tickets. They benefit the most when motorists get tickets even when they aren’t at an increased risk of being in an accident.

The most recent act of ignorance is their insistence on supporting text-messaging bans. They go so far as to say that they are lobbying for a nationwide ban. This is not only bad policy for all of the reasons I enumerated in my previous post about Senator Quirmbach (reactionary law to specific technology, unenforceable, false sense of safety, etc…). It is also bad policy because this is a state issue. The federal government needs to stop forcing vehicular laws on states by threatening to pull highway funding. For both of these reasons, I don’t plan to renew my membership. Please read what I’ve written below, research these issues, and consider joining me in dropping AAA.

I recently requested a free credit report from Experian. I got the report in a timely manner but it contained a credit item that I had never heard of. It said I was an authorized user on a CitiBank account. It said that I had been on this account since 1997 and it listed a couple of years worth of balances. The card seems to have been paid on time, but it wasn’t mine so I wanted it off of there. I went to the dispute website and found that the item in question was not on the web version of the report.

My next step was to call and speak to a customer service representative. She said that she could see where it had been on my report but that it had been removed. She couldn’t tell me anything about it except that it had been removed and I was clearly wrong about having never done business with CitiBank. This item has allegedly been on my credit report for 13 years and now all of a sudden it disappears, and she wants me to just act like it didn’t happen. She just kept saying that I had been an authorized user on an account with CitiBank but that it was recently removed from my report. I told her very specifically that I wanted to dispute that statement, as I had never done business with CitiBank.

The big-picture problem here is one of accountability and the way CSRs always push accountability onto their computer system. I believe that I have a valid reason to expect a better explanation of mysterious items on my credit report but all the lady could do was regurgitate what was on her computer screen. She even did this to the extent of insulting my intelligence by believing the computer screen over me. It is infuriating when people are trained to hide behind their computers instead of actually serving the customer. Unfortunately, this has become the norm in all industries.

I had a lively discussion tonight regarding photo-enforcement of traffic offenses. I wanted to write a quick post with my thoughts.

Many supporters of photo-enforcement seem to think that one shouldn’t be worried about this topic if we obey the law. Well, really that’s exactly what my problem with it is- The system should obey the law too. There are several reasons why the use of photo-enforcement is unlawful as well as unethical:

1) The technology just isn’t that good. I have worked on image-recognition systems of the type that would be used to automatically read license plate numbers. They aren’t perfect, and things get worse under varying weather conditions and lighting that occur in the real-world.

2) The agencies and companies behind photocop systems always promise to have humans look at each and every ticket to ensure that the problems in point one above are caught. In reality, these humans simply serve as a rubber stamp. On my ticket, there was a picture of a different guy driving a vehicle of a different make and color than the vehicle I was driving. Three Redflex employees and one police officer(?) looked at my ticket to check for these errors. A second person from the police department had his signature affixed to the ticket. This is fraud and possibly libel since the incident is still on my record.

3) A private company installs, calibrates, and operates these cameras. The same company sends out the tickets. The company contractually receives approximately 50% of profits.

4) I am supposed to have the right to confront my accuser yet that is really a computer in this case. When you show up to court for one of these tickets, not one human being believes that you are guilty. It’s just a picture. There is no testimony regarding calibration or circumstances. If the picture is of somebody else, then they wasted your time in hopes that you would pay instead of dealing with the hassle.

Red light cameras (RLCs) in particular have been repeatedly shown to increase accident rates. When state laws make it harder for communities to profit from these deals, the cameras are always taken down quickly. This just shows that it really is all about the money. We need to vote against these things as they get put on the ballot in various cities and we need to vote against any politician who has supported them.

This is about an event last week, but since I was out of town I am just now getting around to posting…

Apparently Officer Johnson really likes to showcase her immense power by parking illegally whenever possible. This time she was blocking an entire row of parking spots in front of Cafe Milo. She had somebody pulled over into a parking spot so she thought it would be a good idea to park her car a good 40 feet behind him in the center of the road in a spot that most impeded other drivers. When I was inside Milo, the barista told me that it was better than where she had been parked before I got there, as apparently she was blocking access to an entire half of the parking lot before moving.

I was already upset by it before I knew who it was, but upon seeing it was her I’m not that surprised.